The quality of life of future generations will much depend on the sustainable use of natural resources as well as environmental protection. However, often, natural sources are scarce or the quality of natural materials varies. One excellent natural material is spider silk – but due to the cannibalism of most spiders, the availability of the natural material is very limited. The motivation behind the project was to generate spider silk without the help of spiders. To produce this fascinating material the aid of new technologies, biotechnological approaches in particular, has been necessary.